What Is Molarity in Chemistry?

What Is Molarity in Chemistry?Molarity in Chemistry can be defined as the tendency of a substance to decrease in concentration with increasing temperature. It is basically a state when all of the components are present and more concentrated than the rest. At this point, there are two main types of molarity in chemistry: isotopic and adiabatic. Iso- and adiabatic molarity is the one used in this article.Isotopic molarity refers to the density of a substance and its melting point, which change according to the type of atom or group that is present. There are five known isotopic molarities: deuterium, neutron, tritium, hydrogen and deuteron. When these atoms or groups are mixed with other atoms or groups, they give off their mass, which ranges from slight to huge amounts of the original substance.When isotopic molarity affects the efficiency of the reaction, it could result in loss of the desired substance. For example, when an alcohol is burned, it loses its flavor and becomes a waste. On the other hand, when heated, these substances will release their volatilities. These are used in industry as a means of heating and cooling. But while deuterium gives off a greater temperature, it also takes up more energy and would cause a higher cost for the temperature.Adiabatic molarity, on the other hand, occurs when a compound exists in a state of constant concentration, without any loss of heat or volume. The substance is still partially in solution at room temperature. A compound is said to be in equilibrium if its temperature and volume are the same, so that the molecule's position can be reversed and this state can then be described as being in equilibrium.When compounds are completely in equilibrium, molarity is not one of them. That is because morality is directly proportional to volume. If the substance is heated, clarity is affected. This process is also called 'eutectic' because when it occurs as the temperature is raised to levels not reached by boiling water.Mol arity can also be affected by temperature, but there are two factors that affect clarity to a greater extent. One factor is temperature, and the other is time. When the mixture is heated, the heat energy causes molecular motion, which changes the state of the molecules' structure, which is reflected in the molecular bonding. This affects the molecular mass, which changes the binding properties of the molecules to each other. Because molecules have their molecular mass based on size, they can only bond with molecules of the same molecular weight.As a rule, the molarity of a compound can be expressed as the ratio of molecular mass and molecular weight. This mass and weight are the product of their molecular mass and volume. These two factors cannot be the same. For example, clarity of an isotope of a specific element is not the same as the polarity of the normal element.There are also two types of molarity in chemistry, isotopic and adiabatic. Isotopic molarity describes the density o f a substance and its melting point, which change according to the type of atom or group that is present.

Which Memory Can I Erase For You Today

Which Memory Can I Erase For You Today Photo by paulsvmarsden via Flickr. Although the studies are only now taking place on mice, they bring many ethical questions of memory to the forefront, and also question patient accessibility to this type of treatment in the future, since it involves the use of a future prescription drug to remove the unwanted memories. In an article  from the Boston Globe,  scientists reported that a single dose of an experimental drug combined with behavioral therapy could help mice forget a traumatic event that took place in the distant past. The drug, referred to as a class of HDAC inhibitors, was given to a group of mice being put through re-exposure therapy, a therapy common in the treatment of PTSD that involves exposing the patient to their fear trigger in a safe setting. For the mice, this involved being placed in a box or exposed to a sound in conjunction with a foot shock, causing them to fear the box or sound. Then, they were exposed to the box or sound without the shock, erasing the memory while it was still recent. This treatment didnt work as well for distance memories, however, until the researchers combined it with the experimental drug. They found that the drug combined with the therapy caused the mice to become markedly better at forgetting that the tone or box signaled pain. They also found, as stated in the Boston Globe  article, that the drug caused changes at the cellular level of the brain, inducing changes in the metabolism and connectivity of brain cells. Li-Huei Tsai, director of the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at MIT and one of the leading researchers in the study, is mentioned in the article as having hopes that the work on using HDAC inhibitors to erase memories will spur pharmaceutical companies to try developing drugs that use the same approach. These hopes are what bring ethics into question regarding these types of studies and treatments. Most individuals worldwide, scientists or not, fully realize the power of modern medicine and its value in society. The amount of lifesaving treatments available to the general population is outstanding and does, indeed, deserve tremendous respect. However, when studies successfully plant false memories and erase painful experiences, and then subsequently have hopes of handing this power over to pharmaceutical companies for prescription use, we should pause and ask ourselves if our society is prepared for it. Prescription drug abuse, the Center for Disease Control said, is the fastest growing drug problem in the United States. To bring this into perspective, one in five Americans, approximately 50 million adults, take prescription psychiatric, mind-altering drugs. That figure is just within the legal sector: another 22 million are on illegal drugs of the same form, plus that of cocaine, heroin and marijuana. Round up the amount of alcoholics and individuals with alcohol problems 18 million and you have roughly 100 million individuals living in an altered state. According to the same report from the CDC, most of the drug overdoses in this country have been caused by the use of a group of prescription drugs called opioid analgesics, like those of Vicodin, Oxytocin and Oxycodone (to name a few). These drugs, according to WedMd,  suppress your perception of pain and calm your emotional response to pain. Here we have millions of Americans legally and illegally dulling their pain through the use of these medications, and a good percentage of the remaining indulging in alcohol to do the same. Viewing these statistics, whos to say that sometime in the future, memory-wiping drugs become available in prescription form, and the population (in terrible shape due to their painful memories) start erasing them completely? This is not to discount the traumatic effects of PTSD and similar disorders or suggest that our researchers stop pursuing cures for mental health disorders. It is also not about grand conspiracy theories involving our scientists and the government wiping our minds, but we do have to realize that past science fiction has become science fact, and parts of conspiracy-like works have become reality (1984, George Orwell and the NSA Spying parallels). This is to take a long, hard look at our future and ask ourselves if memory-wiping is what the future needs to hold. This is to ask what it means to live a rounded life, and what it means to make and learn from our mistakes. Traumatic memories can be painful, even extremely so, but they are also what shape us as individuals. They involve failure, rejection and tears, but they also build strength, resilience and understanding. Should we erase our mistakes and our pains, only to make the same mistakes again because we havent learned from them? Should we erase a few more memories of being bullied in childhood because they are nearly as traumatic as PTSD? Virginia Hughes, writer for  Popular Science, wrote  in an article, The idea of scientists manipulating memory does, naturally, sound a bit creepy but it also points to some possible good: treatment for millions of people tormented by real memories. And that’s something worth remembering, she wrote. Memories are a fact of life and an essential component; they are tied to us not only in our minds, but in our bodies; our feelings, instincts and impulses are a memories entire package. Without a memory to go along with our guts, will we wander through parts of our lives confused, unable to understand why we feel the way we do because we truly cant remember because we willingly erased it from our minds? Like the fictional Joel Barish realized too late, spotless minds may be something worth running from.

A Beka - An Online Tool For Students

A Beka - An Online Tool For StudentsA Beka is really a great tool for those people who are in high school or college. A Beka is an interactive online course that consists of interactive lectures, quizzes, labs exercises to build knowledge on the subjects discussed. The course has been designed by Tomislav Beki and this is the second edition of the Beka. A lot of technical features have been added to the course to cater to the needs of its students.Students will find this course very helpful because it is interactive with English modules. This is not an English-based course but uses the English module as a base for learning purposes. The course gives the students a chance to learn English using an interactive approach so that the process of learning does not get boring. The interactive mode makes sure that students can learn effectively and the English language gets understood by them. Students can compare and contrast things with each other and follow instructions exactly.The A Beka has various subject packages which can be chosen depending upon the kind of learning that the student wants to pursue. Students can choose from the Geometry, Algebra, Functions, Biology, Physics, Geography, Chemistry, Computer Science, Chemistry, Sociology, English, History and Philosophy.The course can be completed within a few months if students take advantage of its online facilities. The online option allows students to make the entire course without spending too much time in traveling. You can go for vacations without wasting your precious time. This makes it easy for students to spend time on the work that interests them.As these courses are so popular, there are many tutors who offer their services to help students in the study. It is best to choose a tutor whom you are comfortable with. Choosing a teacher who is trustworthy and possesses great teaching skills is the best option to get anadvantage in studying.Another option available for students in selecting the tutor is thr ough the Internet. The Internet is a convenient and affordable mode to select tutors for A Beka course. Many tutors are ready to provide their services for an inexpensive rate for students who want to complete the course.Online A Beka is the perfect solution for students who need assistance in their studies. Since this is a simple online approach, this course can be taken at any place.

How to Find a Language Tutor Near Me

How to Find a Language Tutor Near MeIf you're looking for a language tutor near me, then you've come to the right place. Here's how you can find a language tutor near me.A prospective language tutor is an important part of your life. You are probably an employer who wants to hire someone who can help you with your business. You might be an employee who needs to find a language tutoring company. If you find yourself in any of these situations, there are some questions you need to ask.What kind of language tutor should I get? Before you select anyone for a job, you must identify what they can do for you. You need to choose someone who will teach you their language. If you have the chance to work with someone who speaks a language that you know very little about, then that would be a good fit.What is the length of the time period in which they will teach me? You need to make sure that you find someone who can do the job at hand without having to wait weeks or months. However, if you're going to have someone come to your home and teach you in a few hours, you need to make sure they'll be there for longer than that.How much time will they need for their lessons? If you're selecting an individual to teach you in person, then make sure they have enough time to complete the lesson. Ask them how much time it will take. If they tell you a couple of hours, ask them how long it will take to go over the lesson. If they tell you it will take three hours, ask how long it will take you to finish the lesson.Can I send them a note while they're with me? This question comes up because some people worry that if they don't hear from a tutor, they might think the lesson was less effective than it actually was. You don't want to put this off. It is best to contact the tutor right away, even if it's just a quick email. After all, they won't have much time to spare if you're looking for a tutor near me.Some other questions you might ask are whether the teacher you're selecting is a mas ter teacher or someone who's only been teaching for a few months. It's important to make sure that you're choosing a teacher who is qualified to teach you so you can learn the language quickly and efficiently.

Characteristics of Prokaryotes Online Biology Tutors Tutorpace

Characteristics of Prokaryotes Online Biology Tutors Tutorpace The cell without membrane bound organelles is called a prokaryotic cell. The prokaryotic cell have the simplest organization. The prokaryotic cell is simple, small and most primitive. They are probable the first to come into existence perhaps 3.5 billion years ago. The prokaryotic cell is the most primitive cells from morphological point of view. The prokaryotic cells are known for their rapid multiplications as compared to most of the eukaryotic cells. They vary in size. Example- Bacteria, Blue green algae, Mycoplasma or Pleuro Pneumonia like Organisms (PPLO) .The prokaryotic cell do not show any intracellular compartments. A prokaryotic cell is essentially a one envelope system organized in depth. Characteristic features: 1.Lack of organized nucleus. The genetic material is present in the form of nucleoid. 2.Nuclear membrane is absent 3. DNA not complex with histones 4.DNA in a circular form and not packed into chromosomes 5.Membrane bound organelles are absent 6.Cellular respiration is carried out by cell membrane 7.Absence of nucleoli and mitotic apparatus 8.Cell wall is made up of murein 9.The cell membrane may infold to form mesosomes. 10.Flagella are simple and made up of flagellin and 9+2 organization is absent 11. Cytoplasm does not show streaming movement 12.Microtubules are absent 13. Ribosomes are of the 70S type 14.Different kinds of pili are present 15.Replication of DNA occurs continuously throughout the cell cycle.

Spanish Lessons Manchester

Spanish Lessons Manchester Finding Spanish Courses in Manchester ChaptersSpanish Classes for AllFinding Spanish Lessons Near MeOnline Spanish LessonsHello, Mancunians! Did you know one of your twin cities is Cordova, in southern Spain?The province of Andalusia in southern Spain endured Roman influence in its antiquity. And then, for a while, it fell under Muslim influence; during this time it was considered the centre for innovation and learning and was, at one time, the largest city in Europe.Just as Cordova was where innovation found inspiration, so too was our township, exploding onto the world industrial scene. In fact, Manchester bears the distinction of being the world’s first industrialised city!Our cities share quite a bit of parallel history, not the least being Roman architecture.So much is there to preserve and admire that the whole of historic Cordova has been declared a UNESCO world heritage site. Wouldn’t you love to go see it all?If so, you may want to learn how to speak Spanish.Your Superprof obliges, finding the best Spanish l essons for every need and every level, in and around Greater Manchester.Slip on your Cordovans; it’s going to be a long walk!Do you actually wear Cordovans?You might be interested to know that both the method for tanning the leather and the colour called cordovan originated in our twin city.In the Seventh Century, when the Visigoths inhabited the area, they fashioned clothing and footwear out of a certain type of leather through a processing method still in use today.OK, enough history! This article is supposed to be about Spanish lessons in our city, after all...Off we go to find Spanish classes for young and old so that you might walk those ancient streets confident in the knowledge that you will be able to talk with native speakers of Spanish!How much does a Spanish tutor in Belfast or Edinburgh charge?Nor would you necessarily be enthused having to endure a lecture on the works of Cervantes in his native language if the sum total of your Spanish vocabulary consists of ‘Bueno s Dias’ and ‘adios, amigo’!You may well enjoy the sound of Spanish whether spoken or sung but â€" meaning that that lecture may not sound so bad but, if you’re in class to learn to speak Spanish, surely you would want exposure to a more effective teaching method.Also, if you are a beginner, you would want Basic Spanish classes. However, if your mate or bestie has some grounding in Spanish grammar and vocabulary, s/he might want intermediate lessons.Before signing up for Spanish language classes, it is important to know your level and your purpose for studying Spanish.Besides the aforementioned Business Spanish which obviously would include a business vocabulary (the grammar would remain the same), you might choose Spanish lessons because:You do intend to visit Cordova or any other Spanish speaking region or country soon.You have realised the benefits of being bilingual and selected Spanish as your second language.It is, after all, the most popular language for English speake rs to learn!You/your child is enamoured of the language and culture of Spain and other Latin countries.Said child has elected to sit GCSEs and/or A-Levels Spanish; language training would lend a certain edge to their language skillsYou intend to travel the world as an ESL teacher to native Spanish speakersThat last is not so farfetched!For one, the total number of Spanish speakers worldwide is ranks right under the number of English speakers. For two; Spanish, in one form or another, is spoken on no fewer than four continents.And here, we have another point to consider: what type of Spanish will you learn?If you are pursuing Spanish language studies for the love of learning, that question really doesn’t matter. But, if you’re learning is targeted toward a specific goal, say, retiring to mountainous Madrid or starting an alpaca farm in Peru, Spanish pronunciation takes on a whole new meaning.To look at the adverts, teachers and language schools don’t seem to highlight the type of Spanish they teach.If you have a specific region of the Spanish speaking world in mind, you should ask any prospective Spanish instructor if the variety of Spanish they teach would be suitable to your learning goals and where you would use your Spanish language ability.Could you find great Spanish classes in Leeds?Searching for anything 'near me' could lead to amusing results! Source: Pixabay Credit: TumisuFinding Spanish Lessons Near MeWell, not near me exactly; you have no idea where I am. That phrase refers to people’s penchant for typing such into their favourite search engine so much that the phrase 'near me' itself has become a search keyword, irrelevant of where you actually are!Searching for Spanish classes 'near me' may yield surprising results...It seems everyone is in on the ‘near me’ trick so conducting such a search will result in Spanish lessons as far away as the US, or worse: a general Yelp rundown of ‘near me’ lessons with varied locations!It would be m uch better to trust in your Superprof, who has hit the ground and investigated Spanish language schools in and around Manchester!First on our list of picks would be The Spanish Factory.Their name is perhaps a nod to our city’s industrial heritage â€" how clever! Nevertheless, their Spanish language courses are so diverse; there is surely a curriculum for everyone who wants to study Spanish!Find out if one could take similar Spanish classes in London...They offer Business courses as well as Conversational Spanish, school support for those enrolled in the Spanish program at school; they even have a language course for the littlest learners!Their pricing is quite reasonable. For example, a 4-week intensive course is currently only £99!If you’re preparing to dash off to Spain on holiday, this might be a great way to learn beginner Spanish...We are quite lucky to have an Instituto Cervantes right in our city!Not only is this organisation dedicated to promoting Spanish language and c ulture through various workshops and seminars but they actually have language classes you may enrol in!Their courses are set up in accord with the Common Frame of Reference for European languages so, if you were at the intermediate level, you could just jump right in and advance accordingly.Furthermore, they will assist with test prep, be it for Spanish A-Levels or for the Dele â€" the Spanish language ability certification test.In case you are wondering where these facilities are and how to get in touch with them, we’ve compiled all of that information in the table at the end of this article.You may be interested to know that Instituto Cervantes also offers online courses... but they are not the only ones!Find out where you could take Spanish lessons in Glasgow...Even small children can learn Spanish online, although maybe not quite this young! Source: Pixabay Credit: LuidmilakotFind out where you can take Spanish lessons in Cardiff.Online Spanish LessonsThere is nothing wrong wi th choosing this method of learning Spanish. People today are plenty busy; they might not have time or energy to repair to a learning centre a couple of nights a week no matter how passionate they are about learning Spanish.Online lessons provide you with the scheduling flexibility to make it home in time for tea without having to rush out again immediately afterwards.All you need to take Spanish lessons online is a stable Internet connection, a webcam and a decent headset and a desire to learn. And a Spanish teacher, of course...Spanish is the second most studied language on Italki, an online language learning platform where language teachers set their own rates and schedules.To make use of this teacher marketplace, you will need to create a profile, and then you can start shopping for your ideal Spanish teacher.Once you’ve bookmarked a likely teacher profile, it is time to set your schedule on their calendar: when would you like to have your Spanish lessons?At the appointed time you simply log in to your Skype account or whichever platform your chosen teacher specifies and, voilà! You are now on your way to fluency in Spanish!All of this begs the question: what if you and that teacher don’t click? Most of their Spanish teachers offer a discounted rate for their introductory lesson, a sort of a trial run, for that specific purpose. Most Superprof language tutors offer their first hour of lessons for free!Indeed, you may consider any of Superprof’s Spanish tutors; there are more than 70 in the Manchester area alone! That means that, if you’d rather have one to one lessons or even learn Spanish with a small group of friend, your Superprof tutor could come to you as well as teach you Spanish online!Another online outlet for language learning is Live Lingua, whose teachers also offer a free introductory hour of learning. Furthermore, unlike Italki, their rates are set by the platform administrators and, the more course hours you pay for in advance, the l ower the cost!Through Live Lingua you may learn anything from test prep and review to Business Spanish, Medical Spanish... even Spanish for priests!So... how is Cordova sounding as your next holiday destination?Better, now that you know where you can turn to learn Spanish, we’ll bet!Name of SchoolPhysical AddressWeb AddressPhone NumberWhat They TeachThe Spanish FactoryPeter House, Oxford Street, Manchester, M1 5ANhttps://www.thespanishfactory.co.uk0345 852 0286Youths and adults Student Support and test prep; Business SpanishInstituto Cervantes326-330 Deansgate, Campfield Avenue Arcade, Manchester M3 4FNhttps://manchester.cervantes.es/en/default.shtm0161 661 4201Youth and Adult courses online courses Test prep various workshopsUniversity of ManchesterOxford Rd Manchester M13 9PLhttps://www.languagecentre.manchester.ac.uk/learn-a-language/courses-for-all/spanish/0161 306 6000Beginners' through advanced SpanishABLE ManchesterrSwan Buildings Swan Street Manchester M4 5JWhttp://able-ma nchester.co.uk0161 637 3062Spanish for Adults and Children aged 6-11Not a Mancunian? Find out where Brummies go for their Spanish lessons!

Studying in an Arabic-speaking Country

Studying in an Arabic-speaking Country Signing Up to an Arabic School ChaptersWhich Country Should You Study Arabic In?How to Choose the Right University in an Arabic-speaking CountryHigher Education in the Persian Gulf“A tree begins with a seed.” - Arabic ProverbIt’s much easier to learn Arabic by studying in an Arabic-speaking country.Universities in the United Arab Emirates saw a rise in foreign students from 206 in 2006 to 862 in 2016.According to Cedwyn Fernandes, the director of the Middlesex University Dubai, there was only one international university with 645 students in 2002 and now there are 26 with over 30,000 students.If you want to learn more about Islam by studying the texts, are interested in working in North Africa or the Arabian Peninsula, or just want to learn more about Middle Eastern culture, learning to speak Arabic is one of the best ways to do it.There are few better ways of learning a language through immersion or by studying in a country where it's the official language. With so many Arab countries, there are plenty of o ptions for learning Arabic and there are plenty of schools where you can learn the language.There are 22 members of the Arab League (countries where Arabic is spoken) so there are plenty of choices of places to go to. Arab culture is rich and varied so if you want to learn the Arabic alphabet, improve your linguistic skills, and find out more about Arab culture, studying with Arabs is the way to go.Here’s our guide on how to choose a university in an Arabic-speaking country.How to Choose the Right University in an Arabic-speaking CountryOf course, going to study at a university in an Arabic-speaking country isn’t the same as applying to a university in the UK.You’ll need to think about how easy it to do and your goals.Here is a list of things to think about when choosing universities:Your level in ArabicBudgetThe type of education you wantThe safety of the countryThe type of ArabicTuition feesThe cost of livingThe prestige of the universityYou should definitely consider gettin g Arabic lessons before you go as well to increase your chances of being accepted onto a course.In the UK, you can do a degree in Arabic Studies to learn more about the language, history, and culture of Arabic-speaking countries.This means that you’ll have to learn the Arabic writing system, grammar, vocabulary, and the literary version of the language.Lookup for Arabic classes here.In terms of costs, studying in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is expensive. Tuition can cost up to £13,000 and you’ll need around £1,400 per month to cover the costs of accommodation, transportation, and food.That said, Morocco is very cheap although the universities aren’t usually as prestigious as those in the Persian Gulf.88.5% of the population in Dubai are foreigners who’ve come to learn the Arabic language, study at a university, or work in the United Arab Emirates.One reason to choose certain universities is how they’ll further your career once you’ve graduated. Internation al competition is increasing and somebody who has a degree from Dubai may find a job more easily than someone who studied in Cairo.Finally, four universities from Saudi Arabia were featured in a list of the best universities in the Arab world.Saudi society, however, is one of the most closed off in the world. If you want to study Islamic science, you can still get a student visa for Saudi Arabia.  While it’s more complicated, it’s not impossible!Saudi Arabia is the only country in the Arab world to have created its own brand of education whereas its neighbours in the Gulf are importing universities such as the University of Wollongong, Curtin University Dubai, the University of Middlesex, London Business School, and the University of Canada, for example.Higher Education in the Persian GulfArabic is an important language in international relations and knowing how to speak is becoming increasingly important for recruiters.Learning Arabic will open a whole new world to you. (Source : Guenni13)In the Gulf, a lot of teaching takes place in English and Arabic.Keep in mind that universities here tend to have very strict admission policies and you’ll need to have really good grades if you want to study a degree in one of these prestigious universities.  These places can also be very elitist.With fees going up to £13,000 per year, it can be very difficult for working-class students to attend these universities without the very best grades and that’s if they manage to get together the admission fee!Students from the United Arab Emirates don’t actually have to pay these fees as their education is completely free. However, many students will need scholarships or a student loan to fund their studies in Dubai or Abu Dhabi.Education in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf is a major concern: the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and Saudi Arabia have invested billions into research and the funding of new schools.Each city, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Doha, e tc., are attracting prestigious schools.  The city of Dubai even has an entire area of the city dedicated to education, Dubai International Academic City.There are over 70 universities in Dubai offering courses in all manner of subjects.  The most common courses cover business, marketing, cinema, media, law, economics, management.Your studies may start sooner than you expect! (Source: Free-Photos)Finally, if you want to study Arabic at a university in Qatar or the United Arab Emirates, for example, you’ll need a student visa. You’ll also need to be sponsored by the host university. A student visa can cost up to £600, too.Of course, there are a number of countries that we wouldn't recommend studying due to security risks. For example, the Arab spring has destabilised some states in the Arab League and the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine means that these places should be ruled out as a potential destination for learning Arabic. Similarly, you should avoid Yemen, Lib ya, and Syria.Are you still ready to go?Then check out the different universities and go for it!

SAT Math College Board Online SAT Prep Online Tutoring Tutorpace

SAT Math College Board Online SAT Prep Online Tutoring Tutorpace SAT is one of the most popular tests taken high school students to gain admissions in colleges and universities in the United States. SAT is an abbreviation for Scholastic Assessment Test and is owned by the College Board. SAT is conducted many times a year and students can take the test when they feel they are ready with the subjects. SAT examines students in 3 main subject areas: Critical Reading, Mathematics and Writing. These 3 sections determine the students capability of reading and comprehending English passages and their ability in writing their opinion on a given issue or a topic. The math section tests the students in their creative ability and their logical reasoning. Therefore SAT scores analyze the students understanding of the most basic and important concepts which are also important in their further academics at a college or a university. SAT math section consists of multiple choice questions and for every question, 5 options are given. Students have to pick the right answer from the given 5 options. This section examines students in topics of Algebra, Plane Geometry, Coordinate Geometry, Probability and Statistics etc. SAT math section is meant to be a logical section, and based on the standard of the exam students should not practice highly complex and complicated questions. The time limit for this section is very limited and hence questions are not extremely difficult. Students should first learn the basic concepts and formulas and they can earn good scores by knowing how to use them appropriately in given a question.

Phylum Chordata Characteristics Online Biology Tutors Tutorpace

Phylum Chordata Characteristics Online Biology Tutors Tutorpace Phylum Chordata is the most advanced animal phylum. Chordata are animals which possess a notochord at any stage of their life .They are most adaptable, most successful and most widely distributed animals showing diversity of form, habits and habitats. General characteristics: 1. All chordates are bilaterally symmetrical 2. They are true metamerically segmented animals. 3. They are triploblastic animals having organ system grade of body organizations. 4. Post anal tails are usually present in chordates 5. They are true coelomate animals 6. Notochord is present at some stages or replaced by back bone or ring like vertebrae forming the vertebral column. 7. Gill clefts are present at some stages of life. 8. Alimentary canal is placed always ventral to the nerve cord. 9. Anus is well differentiated and opens before the last segment. 10. Heart is placed ventrally, blood flows towards the posterior direction in dorsal blood vessel. 11. Hemoglobin, a respirator pigment is present in red blood corpuscles 12. Hepatic portal system is present in chordates 13. Respiration is either by gills or by lungs. 14. Nervous system is hollow; brain is located dorsal to the pharynx in the head. 15. Nerve cord is single, dorsal, and hollow without ganglia. 16. Dorsal and ventral nerve roots are separate. 17. Mostly sexual reproduction occurs in chordates 18. They are cold blooded as well as warm blooded animals. Phylum Chordata is divided into three subphyla, subphylum Urochordata or Tunicata, subphylum Cephalochordata or Acrania and subphylum vertebrata. The first two subphyla are considered primitive and often referred to as protochordates or non-vertebrate chordates. All of them are marine and possess notochord but never form vertebral column.